Guides by condition

Colds and flu are viral infections that in most cases clear up on their own within a few days. Treatment is usually symptomatic — aimed at relieving fever, pain, a blocked nose and cough. Below are the active ingredients most commonly used for this; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices from online pharmacies.

Combination cold and flu products (soluble powders and tablets) bring together several active ingredients in one dose — usually a fever and pain reliever, sometimes a decongestant for a blocked nose, vitamin C and/or an ingredient for a runny nose. Examples include "Analgin Quinine"-type products and "Fervex", as well as various hot-drink powders. Below we explain what they contain so you can compare sensibly; choose an active ingredient to see available products and prices.

Painkillers and fever reducers relieve pain (headache, toothache, muscle aches) and lower temperature. Different active ingredients have different characteristics and contraindications. Below are the most commonly used ones; choose an ingredient to compare products and prices.

Allergic reactions (hay fever, hives, reactions to bites) often respond to antihistamines. Modern antihistamines generally cause less drowsiness. Below are the most commonly used active ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. In pregnancy, breastfeeding and children, the choice of antihistamine depends on the specific preparation.

Mild gastrointestinal complaints often respond to over-the-counter remedies aimed at the specific symptom. Below are the active ingredients most commonly used; choose one to see products and prices. For persistent or severe symptoms, consult a doctor.

Food supplements can complement a balanced diet but do not replace it. Before taking higher doses, or in pregnancy, chronic disease or when taking other medicines, consult a doctor or pharmacist. Some supplements can interact with medicines or affect laboratory tests. Symptoms of a deficiency do not always mean a real shortage of vitamins or minerals. Below are the commonly sought supplements — choose an ingredient to compare products and prices.

In children, the choice of medicine and the dose depend heavily on age and weight, and the forms are special (syrups, suppositories, drops). This article is general information only — always consult a paediatrician or pharmacist, and never give adult doses to a child.

A cough can be dry (irritating) or wet (with phlegm). For a wet cough, expectorants and mucolytics that thin the secretions are often used. Below are the commonly used active ingredients — choose one to see products and prices. The type of cough determines the appropriate remedy; if in doubt, ask a pharmacist.

Skin-care products contain different active ingredients according to their purpose — hydration, anti-blemish, renewal or brightening. Below are the commonly sought ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For skin conditions, stubborn acne or reactions, consult a dermatologist; try a new product on a small area first.

Minor cuts and grazes can usually be treated at home: cleaning, disinfection and covering with a sterile dressing. Below are the basic steps and products; for more serious wounds, seek medical help.

Sore throats are most often viral and pass within a few days. Relief is usually symptomatic — local antiseptics (lozenges, sprays) and painkillers when needed. Below are the commonly used active ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For severe pain, high fever or difficulty swallowing, consult a doctor.

Headaches often respond to over-the-counter painkillers when mild to moderate and without warning signs. Below are the most commonly used active ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. For frequent, severe or unusual headaches, consult a doctor.

A blocked nose often accompanies a cold, allergy or sinusitis. Relief is usually symptomatic — rinses with sea/saline water and, when needed, nasal decongestants for a short period. Below are the commonly used remedies; choose an ingredient to see products and prices.

Mild muscle and joint pain (sprains, overuse, stiffness) often responds to topical or oral anti-inflammatory remedies. Below are the commonly used active ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. For severe pain after an injury or persistent complaints, consult a doctor.

A balanced diet, sleep and exercise are the foundation of a good immune system; supplements can complement but do not replace a healthy lifestyle. Below are the commonly sought ingredients for immune support; choose one to compare products and prices. Some supplements can interact with medicines or affect laboratory tests.

Falling asleep well depends mostly on sleep habits (a regular schedule, fewer screens and less caffeine in the evening). Some over-the-counter supplements are sometimes used as an addition. Below are the commonly sought ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. Supplements do not replace treatment for insomnia and are not suitable for everyone.

Iron is needed to build haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Iron supplements are taken mainly for a proven iron deficiency, not "just in case" — taking them without need can be harmful. Below are the ingredients often discussed for fatigue and low haemoglobin; choose one to compare products and prices. A test and a consultation are recommended before taking them.

Calcium and vitamin D are involved in building and maintaining bone. Vitamin D supports the absorption of calcium, and needs are met mostly through diet, exercise and enough sun. Below are the commonly sought ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. In osteoporosis or with risk factors, the dose should be set by a doctor.

Joint supplements are used as an addition to exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and physiotherapy. They do not replace treatment for joint diseases, and their effect is individual. Below are the commonly sought ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. For severe or persistent joint pain, see a doctor.

The condition of hair, nails and skin depends mostly on a full diet and general health. Some vitamins and minerals are associated with supporting them and are often sought as supplements. Below are the most used ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. Sudden hair loss or changes in the nails require medical assessment.

Fatigue is most often due to sleep, stress, overload or an underlying condition, not necessarily a vitamin deficiency. Some ingredients are sought to support energy, but supplements only help with a real shortage. Below are the commonly discussed ingredients; choose one to compare products and prices. For prolonged fatigue, look for the cause with a doctor.

Omega-3 and coenzyme Q10 are among the popular food supplements. They complement a balanced diet but do not replace treatment and are not medicines. Below you can compare products and prices by ingredient. With cardiovascular disease or when taking medicines, consult a doctor, as some supplements can interact with therapy.

When planning a pregnancy and during pregnancy, some vitamins and minerals are especially important. However, taking them must be agreed with the doctor managing the pregnancy — doses and combinations are individual. This article is general information only. Below you can compare products and prices by ingredient, but make the choice of a specific preparation and dose with medical consultation.

Heartburn and acid reflux often respond to over-the-counter remedies that reduce or neutralise stomach acid. Below are the active ingredients most commonly used; choose one to see products and prices. For frequent, persistent or severe complaints, consult a doctor.

In acute diarrhoea, restoring fluids and salts (rehydration) is the most important thing. Some over-the-counter remedies ease the symptoms but are not suitable for every case. Below are the commonly used ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For high fever, blood in the stool or signs of dehydration, see a doctor.

Constipation often responds to more fluids, fibre and exercise, and when needed to over-the-counter laxatives. Different remedies work in different ways and are not suitable for prolonged use without proper judgement. Below are the commonly used ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For prolonged constipation or worrying symptoms, see a doctor.

Mild abdominal cramps and colic sometimes respond to antispasmodics and anti-gas remedies. However, abdominal pain can have many causes, some of which require medical assessment. Below are the commonly used ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For severe or persistent pain, see a doctor.

Probiotics contain beneficial microorganisms and are often used to support the gut flora, for example when taking antibiotics or after an upset stomach. The effect depends on the type and strain, and the benefit is individual. Below you can compare products and prices. For persistent digestive complaints, consult a doctor.

Mild fungal skin infections (e.g. between the toes) often respond to topical antifungal creams and sprays. Treatment usually continues for some time after the complaints disappear. Below are the commonly used ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For extensive, stubborn or suspicious changes, see a doctor.

Cold sores on the lips are caused by a virus and usually run in episodes with blisters and a crust. Topical remedies can ease the symptoms and often work best when started early. Below are the commonly used ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For frequent, severe or unusual outbreaks, consult a doctor.

Acne and blemish-prone skin often respond to a suitable daily routine with active ingredients for clearing and regulating sebum. Results come gradually, and aggressive treatment can worsen the condition. Below are the commonly sought ingredients; choose one to see products and prices. For stubborn or inflamed acne, consult a dermatologist.

A generic medicine contains the same active ingredient, in the same dose and pharmaceutical form, as the original (branded) product whose patent has expired. To be authorised for sale it must demonstrate bioequivalence — that the body absorbs it in a comparable way. The price difference is often substantial, because the generic's manufacturer does not carry the costs of the original development. Below we explain how to compare them in an informed way.

Two packs of "the same" medicine are rarely truly identical: a different number of tablets, different milligrams per tablet, a different form (tablets, capsules, syrup, sachets). Compared only by price per box, the bigger pack often looks more expensive while actually being the better deal. Here is what to look at to compare correctly.

Онлайн покупката на лекарства е удобна и често по-евтина, но в мрежата има и нелегални сайтове, които продават фалшиви или неразрешени продукти. В България и ЕС търговията с лекарства онлайн е разрешена само на регистрирани аптеки и дрогерии и подлежи на контрол. По-долу обясняваме как за минута да проверите дали един магазин е легален, преди да поръчате.

Sunscreen protects the skin from burning, premature ageing and more serious damage from ultraviolet (UV) rays. The right choice depends on your skin type, the situation and age. Below we explain what the labels on the pack mean and how to relieve skin that is already burnt; choose a category or ingredient to see available products and prices.

A well-prepared travel kit saves worry over minor health problems away from home. The contents depend on the destination, the length of the trip and who is travelling (children, chronic conditions). Below is a practical list of the most commonly useful items; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Carry your personal prescription medicines in sufficient quantity and in their original packaging.

Haemorrhoids are swollen vascular cushions around the anus that often cause itching, discomfort, pain or slight bleeding. Many mild cases respond to lifestyle changes and topical over-the-counter remedies. Below we describe the ingredients commonly used to relieve symptoms; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. If there is bleeding or persistent complaints, consult a doctor.

Insect bites (mosquitoes, flies, ants, wasps) usually cause local redness, swelling and itching that pass within a few days. The aim of relief is to reduce itching and inflammation and to avoid scratching. Below are the commonly used over-the-counter remedies; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. At signs of a severe allergic reaction, seek emergency help.

A well-organised home medicine cabinet helps you respond calmly to mild, common complaints — pain, fever, stomach upsets, small wounds. Below is a practical list of the most commonly useful items; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Match the contents to your household (children, older people, chronic conditions) and don't forget your personal prescription medicines.

Some medicines in Bulgaria are covered fully or partly by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF, НЗОК). This means that for certain prescription medicines the patient pays only the difference (co-payment) rather than the full price. Below we explain the main concepts — reimbursement, reference price and co-payment — to help you read what the fund covers. For specific medicines, check the current list and consult a doctor or pharmacist.

Vitamin D is involved in calcium absorption and in the health of bones, muscles and immune function. Deficiency is common, especially in winter months and with less sun exposure. Below we explain the signs of low vitamin D, when supplements are considered and how to choose a product; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Intake and dose are best guided by a blood test and a doctor's recommendation.

Magnesium is a mineral important for normal muscle and nerve function, energy metabolism and bone strength. Magnesium supplements are popular for muscle cramps, tiredness and tension, and different magnesium salts are absorbed and tolerated differently. Below we explain the types and what they are used for; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For persistent complaints, consult a doctor.

Hair loss can have many causes — seasonal changes, stress, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal factors or heredity. Some mild cases respond to scalp care and supplements, while persistent or patchy hair loss needs a medical assessment. Below we describe the commonly used over-the-counter products and supplements; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For sudden or heavy hair loss, consult a doctor.

Dry eye syndrome shows as burning, irritation, a 'gritty' feeling, redness or tiredness, often with prolonged screen work, air conditioning or wearing contact lenses. Mild complaints often respond to artificial tears and changes in habits. Below we describe the commonly used over-the-counter products; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For pain, worsened vision or persistent complaints, consult an eye doctor.

A feeling of heaviness, tiredness and swelling in the legs, especially in the evening or after long standing and sitting, is often linked to venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Mild complaints respond to movement, compression and some over-the-counter products. Below we describe the commonly used ingredients; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For pain, swelling in only one leg or skin changes, consult a doctor.

Sprains, strains and bruises are common in sport and everyday activities. For mild injuries, first aid and a few over-the-counter products usually relieve the pain and swelling. Below we describe the principles of first aid and the commonly used ingredients; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For severe pain, inability to bear weight or deformity, see a doctor.

Mouth ulcers are small, painful sores on the lining of the mouth and gums that usually heal on their own within 1-2 weeks. The cause is not always clear — it is sometimes linked to injury, stress, certain foods or deficiencies. Below we describe the commonly used over-the-counter products for relief; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For large, frequent or non-healing sores, consult a doctor or dentist.

The dentist is the one who treats the cause of toothache, but until your visit a few measures and over-the-counter products can temporarily ease the pain. Below we describe the commonly used ingredients and approaches; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Toothache rarely goes away on its own for long — book an appointment with a dentist, even if the pain temporarily settles.

Dry skin and eczema (atopic dermatitis) show as dryness, redness, flaking and itching that alternate with calmer periods. The basis of care is regular moisturising and avoiding irritants. Below we describe the commonly used over-the-counter products; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For severe inflammation, a spreading rash or infection, consult a doctor.

Stress and mild nervous tension are part of daily life for many people. For mild, passing complaints, some people use herbal supplements for calming, alongside lifestyle measures. Below we describe the commonly used ingredients; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Important: anxiety that interferes with daily life needs a medical assessment — these remedies do not replace treatment.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is important for immune function, for the formation of collagen and as an antioxidant. Most people get it from a varied diet, but supplements are popular, especially in the cold season. Below we explain what it is for, when a supplement makes sense and how to choose; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Megadoses bring no extra benefit and may cause stomach discomfort.

Zinc is a trace element important for immune function, wound healing, the skin and many enzyme processes. It is usually obtained from food, but supplements are popular, especially for skin problems and in the cold season. Below we explain what it is for and when a supplement makes sense; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Long-term intake of high doses can upset the balance with other minerals.

Medicines are broadly divided into over-the-counter (sold without a prescription, OTC) and prescription (requiring a doctor's order). The division is not accidental — it reflects how safe a medicine is to use in self-treatment. Below we explain the differences and what they mean for you as a patient. This is general information, not advice on a specific medicine.

Pharmacies sell products from different categories — medicines, food supplements and medical devices. They can look similar, but they are regulated differently and have different requirements for proving effect and safety. Below we explain the differences so you can make an informed choice. This is general information, not advice on a specific product.

The package leaflet (the patient information leaflet) is the official document that comes with every medicine and explains how to use it safely. It looks long and technical, but it has a clear structure. Below we explain its main sections and what to pay attention to. Always read the leaflet before first use and keep it while you are using the medicine.

Correct storage preserves the effectiveness and safety of medicines, and respecting the expiry date matters so you do not take a product that no longer works reliably. Below we explain how to store medicines, what the expiry date means and how to dispose of old ones. Always check the specific instructions in each product's leaflet.

Generic medicines are often significantly cheaper than the original brand, which raises doubts about whether they are just as good. Below we dispel the common myths and explain the facts — what a generic is, why it is cheaper and when there may be a difference. The aim is to help you choose informed; for a specific medicine, always consult a doctor or pharmacist.

Teething usually starts around 6 months of age and can cause restlessness, increased drooling, a desire to bite and irritability. Below we describe gentle measures for relief and what to watch out for; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Important: not every upset in a baby is due to teeth — with a high fever and other symptoms, see a doctor.

Earache and blockage with earwax are common complaints. Some are mild and passing, but earache can also be a sign of an infection that needs examination. Below we describe what may help and what to watch out for; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. Do not put objects (including cotton buds) into the ear canal.

The feet take a lot of load, and corns, calluses, shoe blisters or fungus between the toes are common. Most mild cases respond to appropriate care and over-the-counter remedies. Below we describe the commonly used ingredients and approaches; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. With diabetes or circulation problems, foot care needs special attention and medical judgement.

Dandruff is a common and usually harmless problem — flakes on the scalp and in the hair, often with itching. In most cases it is well controlled with suitable anti-dandruff shampoos and regular care. Below we describe the commonly used ingredients and approaches; choose an ingredient to see available products and prices. For severe redness, inflammation or an unsatisfactory result, consult a dermatologist.

Repellents reduce mosquito bites and the risk of tick bites, which matters in the warm months and outdoors. The choice depends on the active substance, the duration of protection and age. Below we explain how to choose and apply a repellent safely. Always read the leaflet/label for the age limit and how to use it.

Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, most often from an infection, with burning on urination and frequent, urgent trips to the toilet. Mild cases sometimes resolve on their own, but cystitis often needs treatment with an antibiotic prescribed by a doctor. Below we explain the symptoms, what may help and when it is important to seek care. This article is informational and does not replace an examination.

Motion sickness (travel or sea sickness) is nausea, sweating and dizziness during movement in a car, boat, plane or train. It happens when the senses of motion send conflicting signals to the brain. It is usually unpleasant but harmless and responds to simple measures. Below we explain what helps; for frequent or severe complaints, consult a doctor or pharmacist.